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The Epic Interactive Encyclopedia 1998
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Epic Interactive Encyclopedia, The - 1998 Edition (1998)(Epic Marketing).iso
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Zhou_Enlai
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Zhou Enlai, or Chou En-lai 1898-1976. Chinese
politician. Zhou, a member of the Chinese
Communist Party (CCP) from the 1920s, was
prime minister 1949-76 and foreign minister
1949-58. He was a moderate Maoist and
weathered the Cultural Revolution. He played
a key role in foreign affairs. Born into a
declining mandarin gentry family near
Shanghai, Zhou studied in Japan and Paris,
where he became a founder member of the
overseas branch of the CCP. He adhered to the
Moscow line of urban-based revolution in
China, organizing communist cells in Shanghai
and an abortive uprising in Nanchang 1927. In
1935 Zhou supported the election of Mao
Zedong as CCP leader and remained a loyal
ally during the next 40 years. He served as
liaison officer 1937-46 between the CCP and
Chiang Kai-shek's nationalist Guomindang
government. In 1949 he became prime minister,
an office he held until his death Jan 1976.
Zhou, a moderator between the opposing camps
of Liu Shaoqi and Mao Zedong, restored
orderly progress after the Great Leap Forward
(1958-60) and the Cultural Revolution
(1966-69), and was the architect of the Four
Modernizations programme in 1975. Abroad,
Zhou sought to foster Third World unity at
the Bandung Conference 1955, averted an
outright border confrontation with the USSR
by negotiation with Prime Minister Kosygin
1969, and was the principal advocate of
detente with the USA during the early 1970s.